What is も?
The particle も is how Japanese says "also," "too," or "as well." It replaces は or が to signal that the same thing applies to another item. Our lesson on basic sentence structure introduces も alongside は and が so you can see all three in context. If someone says they like pizza and you want to say "me too," you drop the は and swap in も. 私も好き.
But も does more than just "also." It teams up with other words to express "both X and Y," "neither X nor Y," "everyone," "nothing," and even emphasis like "not even one." It's a small particle that punches well above its weight.
Main Uses
1. Also / Too (replacing は or が)
When something shares a quality with what was already mentioned, も steps in for は or が.
Formation: [Noun] + も + [same predicate]
If your friend says 猫が好き (I like cats), and you want to say you also like cats, you say 私も好き. The も replaces が and signals "same here."
2. Both X and Y (XもYも)
Stack も on multiple items to say "both... and..." in positive sentences, or "neither... nor..." in negative ones.
Formation: [X] + も + [Y] + も
This pattern is clean and natural. You don't need a separate word for "both". The repeated も handles it.
3. With Interrogatives (誰も, 何も, どこも)
When も attaches to question words, the meaning shifts to "every-" or "no-" depending on whether the sentence is positive or negative.
| Combo | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| 誰も (daremo) | everyone | no one |
| 何も (nanimo) | — | nothing |
| どこも (dokomo) | everywhere | nowhere |
Note: 何も is almost always used in negative sentences. For the positive "everything," Japanese typically uses 何でも (nandemo) instead.
4. Emphasis with Quantity
When も follows a number or counter, it adds emphasis. "as many as" or "not even one."
Formation: [Number + Counter] + も
This works in both directions. In positive sentences, it implies "wow, that many." In negative sentences, it stresses "not even that amount."
5. With Other Particles (にも, でも)
も can stack after に and で. It doesn't replace these particles. It adds onto them.
- にも = "also to/at" or emphasis
- でも = "even at/by" or "also by means of"
Example Sentences
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田中さんも来るよ。 (Tanaka-san mo kuru yo.) — Tanaka is coming too.
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日本語も英語も話せます。 (nihongo mo eigo mo hanasemasu.) — I can speak both Japanese and English.
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昨日はどこも混んでいた。 (kinou wa doko mo konde ita.) — Everywhere was crowded yesterday.
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冷蔵庫に何もない。 (reizouko ni nanimo nai.) — There's nothing in the fridge.
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3時間も待った。 (san-jikan mo matta.) — I waited a whole three hours.
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一度も行ったことがない。 (ichido mo itta koto ga nai.) — I haven't been there even once.
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この映画は子供にも分かりやすい。 (kono eiga wa kodomo ni mo wakariyasui.) — This movie is easy to understand even for kids.
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彼女は料理も上手だし、歌も上手だ。 (kanojo wa ryouri mo jouzu da shi, uta mo jouzu da.) — She's good at cooking and good at singing too.