寒い
さむい
cold (in reference to weather)
i-adjective
Conjugation Table
Present
寒い
Negative
寒くない
Past
寒かった
Past Negative
寒くなかった
Te Form
寒くて
Adverbial
寒く
Conditional
寒ければ
Presumptive
寒いでしょう
Example Sentences
今日は寒いです。
It's cold today.
Kyō wa samui desu.
昨日は寒くなかったです。
It wasn't cold yesterday.
Kinō wa samuku nakatta desu.
寒くて、コートを着ました。
It was cold, so I wore a coat.
Samukute, kōto o kimashita.
Grammar Notes & Usage Tips
•Conjugation Tip:** Since 寒い is an i-adjective, to make it negative, just replace the い with くない, so "it's not cold" becomes 寒くない (さむくない).
•Particle Usage:** When describing the weather as cold, use the particle が, like in "今日は寒い" (きょうはさむい), meaning "Today is cold."
•Past Tense:** To say "was cold," change the い to かった, making it 寒かった (さむかった), which is super handy for talking about yesterday's chilly weather.
•Common Mistake:** Remember not to use 寒い for cold objects or drinks—instead, use 冷たい (つめたい) for things like cold water or a cold drink.
•い-adjective: Conjugates by changing the い ending