冷たい
つめたい
cold (things, people)
i-adjective
Conjugation Table
Present
冷たい
Negative
冷たくない
Past
冷たかった
Past Negative
冷たくなかった
Te Form
冷たくて
Adverbial
冷たく
Conditional
冷たければ
Presumptive
冷たいでしょう
Example Sentences
この水は冷たいです。
This water is cold.
Kono mizu wa tsumetai desu.
昨日の風は冷たかったです。
Yesterday's wind was cold.
Kinō no kaze wa tsumetakatta desu.
このスープは冷たくないです。
This soup is not cold.
Kono sūpu wa tsumetaku nai desu.
Grammar Notes & Usage Tips
•i-Adjective Conjugation**: Like all i-adjectives, 冷たい (つめたい) follows a simple conjugation pattern: for the negative, change the final い (i) to くない (kunai) to say “not cold,” as in 冷たくない (つめたくない).
•Particle Pairing**: When describing a noun, 冷たい precedes the noun and doesn’t need a particle, such as in 冷たい水 (つめたいみず) meaning "cold water." But if you're using it predicatively, pair it with が (ga) or は (wa), like 水が冷たい (みずがつめたい) to say "the water is cold."
•Expressing Degree**: To express degrees, you can use adverbs like とても (totemo, very) or ちょっと (chotto, a little) before 冷たい. For example, とても冷たい (とてもつめたい) means "very cold."
•Cultural Context**: Be mindful that 冷たい can describe both temperature and behavior, so 冷たい人 (つめたひと) can mean "a cold-hearted person," which might surprise learners used to thinking only in terms of temperature.
•い-adjective: Conjugates by changing the い ending