Against What Was Expected
に反して says something turned out opposite to a stated expectation, prediction or rule.
- 予想に反して売り上げが伸びた。(Contrary to expectations, sales grew.)
It Wants an Abstract Noun
The noun before it is almost always something that can be defied: 予想, 期待, 意志, 命令, 規則, 予測.
Concrete nouns do not work: ×犬に反して.
Against に対して
Both can be translated "against", which is the trap:
| Pattern | Sense |
|---|---|
| に対して | directed toward a target |
| に反して | contrary to, in defiance of |
提案に対して反対した = objected to the proposal. 提案に反して行動した = acted contrary to the proposal.
に反する Before a Noun
- 規則に反する行為(an act that breaks the rules)
Register
Formal and written. In conversation people say 思ったのと違って.
