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How to Convert Dictionary Form to Masu Form

Converting plain verbs to polite form

N5Change う-row to い-row + ます (u-verbs) | Drop る + ます (ru-verbs)
N5Japanese Grammar

Converting plain verbs to polite form

Formation:Change う-row to い-row + ます (u-verbs) | Drop る + ます (ru-verbs)

Why You Need This

You're reading a manga, watching anime, or looking at a dictionary. Everything is in plain form. But you need to speak politely to your teacher, a stranger, or at work. How do you go from ()む to ()みます on the fly?

This is one of the most practical skills in early Japanese. Converting plain form to ます form in your head without hesitation. Our lesson on formal and casual speech puts this conversion into practice with real dialogue.

The Conversion Process

Step 1: Identify the Verb Group

Before converting, you need to know which verb group the verb belongs to. Quick reminders:

  • Ends in anything other than る? → U-verb (()む, ()く, (はな)す, etc.)
  • Ends in る with い/え sound before it? → Probably ru-verb (()べる, ()る)
  • する or ()る? → Irregular

Step 2: Apply the Rule

U-verbs: Change the final う-row kana to its い-row equivalent, then add ます:

Ending Change Example
う → い う→い row ()う → ()います
く → き く→き ()く → ()きます
ぐ → ぎ ぐ→ぎ (およ)ぐ → (およ)ぎます
す → し す→し (はな)す → (はな)します
つ → ち つ→ち ()つ → ()ちます
ぬ → に ぬ→に ()ぬ → ()にます
ぶ → び ぶ→び (あそ)ぶ → (あそ)びます
む → み む→み ()む → ()みます
る → り る→り (かえ)る → (かえ)ります

Ru-verbs: Drop る, add ます:

Plain Polite
()べる ()べます
() ()ます
()きる ()きます
() ()ます
() ()ます

Irregulars:

Plain Polite
する します
()る (kuru) きます

The Reverse: Masu to Plain

Going the other direction is equally useful:

  1. Remove ます
  2. What's left is the verb stem
  3. For u-verbs: change い-row back to う-row
  4. For ru-verbs: add る back

()みます → ()み → ()
()べます → ()べ → ()べる
します → し → する

Example Sentences

  • 毎日(まいにち)日本語(にほんご)勉強(べんきょう)します。 (mainichi nihongo wo benkyou shimasu.) — I study Japanese every day. (する → します)

  • 明日(あした)友達(ともだち)()います。 (ashita tomodachi ni aimasu.) — I'll meet a friend tomorrow. (()う → ()います)

  • 電車(でんしゃ)(かえ)ります。 (densha de kaerimasu.) — I'll go home by train. ((かえ)る → (かえ)ります)

  • (あさ)七時(しちじ)()きます。 (asa shichi-ji ni okimasu.) — I wake up at 7 AM. (()きる → ()きます)

  • この(ほん)()みます。 (kono hon wo yomimasu.) — I'll read this book. (()む → ()みます)

  • 日本語(にほんご)(はな)しますか? (nihongo de hanashimasu ka?) — Do you speak in Japanese? ((はな)す → (はな)します)

Quiz Time

How to Convert Dictionary Form to Masu Form

5 questions to test what you actually remember.

2 multiple choice2 fill in the blank1 error correction