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た Form | Japanese Past Tense (Plain)

Plain past affirmative — 'did ~'

N5Conjugation mirrors te-form but ends in た/だ instead of て/で
N5Japanese Grammar

Plain past affirmative — 'did ~'

Formation:Conjugation mirrors te-form but ends in た/だ instead of て/で

What is the Ta Form?

The た form is how you talk about the past in casual Japanese. It's the plain equivalent of ました. When you're telling a friend what happened yesterday, recounting a story, or writing in a casual diary. た form is what you use. Our lesson on Japanese past tense covers both the casual た form and its polite counterpart ました.

Here's the best part: if you already know て form, you already know た form. The conjugation patterns are identical. You just swap て for た, and で for だ. Same rules, different ending.

Conjugation Rules

U-verbs

Ending in う, つ, る → った

Dictionary Ta-Form
()う (kau) ()った
()つ (matsu) ()った
(かえ)る (kaeru) (かえ)った

Ending in む, ぶ, ぬ → んだ

Dictionary Ta-Form
()む (nomu) ()んだ
(あそ)ぶ (asobu) (あそ)んだ
()ぬ (shinu) ()んだ

Ending in く → いた

Dictionary Ta-Form
()く (kaku) ()いた
()く (kiku) ()いた

Ending in ぐ → いだ

Dictionary Ta-Form
(およ)ぐ (oyogu) (およ)いだ
(いそ)ぐ (isogu) (いそ)いだ

Ending in す → した

Dictionary Ta-Form
(はな)す (hanasu) (はな)した
()す (osu) ()した

Ru-verbs

Drop る, add た:

Dictionary Ta-Form
()べる (taberu) ()べた
()る (miru) ()
()る (neru) ()

Irregular Verbs

Dictionary Ta-Form
する した
()る (kuru) きた
()く (iku) ()った

Same as te-form: ()く is the exception that uses った instead of いた.

Te-Form and Ta-Form: The Connection

If you know one, you know the other:

Te-Form Ta-Form
()って ()った
()んで ()んだ
()いて ()いた
(およ)いで (およ)いだ
(はな)して (はな)した
()べて ()べた

Every て becomes た. Every で becomes だ. That's literally the entire relationship.

Uses Beyond Simple Past

The ta-form isn't only for past tense. It also shows up in:

  • Conditional (たら): ()べたら = if/when you eat
  • Experience (ことがある): ()ったことがある = have been to
  • Discovery: ()たら(ねこ)がいた = when I looked, there was a cat
  • Casual completion: もう()べた = already ate

Example Sentences

  • 昨日(きのう)映画(えいが)()た。 (kinou eiga wo mita.) — I watched a movie yesterday.

  • もう宿題(しゅくだい)やった? (mou shukudai yatta?) — Did you already do your homework?

  • 先週(せんしゅう)日本(にほん)()った。 (senshuu nihon ni itta.) — I went to Japan last week.

  • (あさ)(はん)()べた。 (asagohan tabeta.) — I ate breakfast.

  • (かれ)(おんな)()った。 (kanojo ni atta.) — I met her.

  • (あめ)()った。 (ame ga futta.) — It rained.

  • ちょっと()いた? (chotto kiita?) — Hey, did you hear?

  • (ふゆ)()た。 (fuyu ga kita.) — Winter has come.

Quiz Time

た Form | Japanese Past Tense (Plain)

6 questions to test what you actually remember.

2 multiple choice3 fill in the blank1 error correction