済む
すむ
to finish, to end
Sumu (済む) is a godan verb meaning "to finish, to end". Its polite form is 済みます (sumimasu), its te form is 済んで (sunde), its past form is 済んだ (sunda), and its negative form is 済まない (sumanai).
Godan verbJLPT N4
Sumu (済む) conjugation quick reference
済む means "to finish, to end". Its main forms are listed below, with links to the grammar pattern behind each form.
Sumu example sentences
宿題はもう済みました。
I’ve already finished my homework.
お金がなくて、買い物が済まなかった。
I had no money, so I couldn’t finish shopping.
この仕事はあと少しで済みます。
This work will be done soon.
How to use Sumu: grammar notes
•済む is often used with が (e.g., 宿題が済んだ), where the thing that is finished comes before が.
•You can use に after 済む to show what something was finished with or replaced by (e.g., 話し合いで済んだ = "It was settled through discussion").
•Don’t use 済む with を like you would with する verbs—saying 宿題を済む is incorrect; use 宿題が済む instead.
•JLPT N4 level
Common phrases with Sumu
お金で済む
To be settled with money / Money will solve it
謝って済む
To be settled by apologizing / An apology will suffice
これで済む
This will do / This is enough to settle it
Sumu (済む) conjugation table
| Form | Japanese | Romaji |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Forms | ||
| Dictionary Form | 済む | sumu |
| Masu Form | 済みます | sumimasu |
| Te Form | 済んで | sunde |
| Past Form | 済んだ | sunda |
| Negative Form | 済まない | sumanai |
| Past Negative | 済まなかった | sumanakatta |
| Polite Forms | ||
| Polite Present | 済みます | sumimasu |
| Polite Past | 済みました | sumimashita |
| Polite Negative | 済みません | sumimasen |
| Polite Past Negative | 済みませんでした | sumimasendeshita |
| Advanced Forms | ||
| Potential Form | 済める | sumeru |
| Passive Form | 済まれる | sumareru |
| Causative Form | 済ませる | sumaseru |
| Causative Passive | 済まされる | sumasareru |
| Volitional Form | 済もう | sumou |
| Imperative Form | 済め | sume |
| Conditional Forms | ||
| Conditional (ば) | 済めば | sumeba |
| Conditional (たら) | 済んだら | sundara |
| Other Forms | ||
| Progressive Form | 済んでいる | sundeiru |
| Desire (たい) | 済みたい | sumitai |
| Prohibition | 済むな | sumuna |